Conjugation Table for the Italian Verb Passare

Conjugation Table for the Italian Verb Passare Passare: to pass/pass by/through; spend (time); advance (to); favor; give, handRegular first-conjugation Italian verbTransitive action word (takes aâ direct article) or intransitive action word (doesn't take aâ direct object) (conjugated beneath with theâ auxiliary verbâ avere; when utilized intransitively, it is conjugated with the helper verbâ essere) Demonstrative/INDICATIVO Presente io passo tu passi lui, lei, Lei passa noi passiamo voi passate loro, Loro passano Imperfetto io passavo tu passavi lui, lei, Lei passava noi passavamo voi passavate loro, Loro passavano Passato Remoto io passai tu passasti lui, lei, Lei pass noi passammo voi passaste loro, Loro passarono Futuro Semplice io passer tu passerai lui, lei, Lei passer noi passeremo voi passerete loro, Loro passeranno Passato Prossimo io ho passato tu hai passato lui, lei, Lei ha passato noi abbiamo passato voi avete passato loro, Loro hanno passato Trapassato Prossimo io avevo passato tu avevi passato lui, lei, Lei aveva passato noi avevamo passato voi avevate passato loro, Loro avevano passato Trapassato Remoto io ebbi passato tu avesti passato lui, lei, Lei ebbe passato noi avemmo passato voi aveste passato loro, Loro ebbero passato Future Anteriore io avr passato tu avrai passato lui, lei, Lei avr passato noi avremo passato voi avrete passato loro, Loro avranno passato SUBJUNCTIVE/CONGIUNTIVO Presente io passi tu passi lui, lei, Lei passi noi passiamo voi passiate loro, Loro passino Imperfetto io passassi tu passassi lui, lei, Lei passasse noi passassimo voi passaste loro, Loro passassero Passato io abbia passato tu abbia passato lui, lei, Lei abbia passato noi abbiamo passato voi abbiate passato loro, Loro abbiano passato Trapassato io avessi passato tu avessi passato lui, lei, Lei avesse passato noi avessimo passato voi aveste passato loro, Loro avessero passato Contingent/CONDIZIONALE Presente io passerei tu passeresti lui, lei, Lei passerebbe noi passeremmo voi passereste loro, Loro passerebbero Passato io avrei passato tu avresti passato lui, lei, Lei avrebbe passato noi avremmo passato voi avreste passato loro, Loro avrebbero passato Basic/IMPERATIVO Presente - passa passi passiamo passate passino INFINITIVE/INFINITO Presente: passare Passato: avere passato PARTICIPLE/PARTICIPIO Presente: passante Passato: passato Ing word/GERUNDIO Presente: passando Passato: avendo passato

Rights and Responsibilities of Employer and Employee Essay Example for Free

Rights and Responsibilities of Employer and Employee Essay The Trusts design is to give the most ideal medicinal services to characterized guidelines of cost, volume and quality. For the most part all workers are relied upon to receive qualities and gauges of direct steady with the trusts reason. Representatives are normal, consistently, to bargain obligingly, consciously and utilize enlightened language and conduct with all patients, open and different workers. Forceful, oppressive, compromising or rough conduct isn't adequate. Representatives are likewise expected to know about the requirement for very and quiet development and conduct in numerous patient, open and office regions. Also, are not allowed to devour food or beverages considering patients or the general population in the work environment, except if it is a piece of the model consideration, or without fitting offices, the director has given their authorization. Then again, representatives are required to be chivalrous of others and present themselves with due respect to social adequacy, neatness and individual cleanliness. In any case, they are relied upon to support patients and the open feel sure and quiet with the administrations they give, with this they are relied upon to follow specific prerequisites in regards to the dress relevant in their Department. Workers are required to deal with patients others consciously, deferentially, affably and with physical consideration. Representatives ought not have sexual associations with patients who are in care or accepting treatment. Workers are informed that sexual conduct with patients who are intellectually sick or intellectually impeded isn't adequate, if a representative is gotten or detailed of any doubts the person in question would confront the Mental Health Act, and convey an obligation to indictment. At long last, Employees are required to be straightforward in the entirety of their dealings with the Trust, for instance, making reports and giving data, introducing claims for installment (voyaging costs, participation records, recording work done etc.).Dishonesty, making bogus cases for installment and so on., is treated as a genuine offense. All representatives are likewise expected to consent to every single lawful prerequisite consistently (Discrimination, badgering, exploitation and tormenting at take a shot at grounds of sex, race, shading, ethnic or national starting points, social gathering, conjugal status, pregnancy, inability, sexual direction, religion or statement of faith, age, etc). All workers have dependable to meet their terms and state of their expected set of responsibilities and occupation particular. Workers rights: To start with all representatives in the NHS are qualified for get legal wiped out compensation if the individual win more than à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½67 per week. In the NHS, lion's share of the female gathering will in general utilize their Careers depart. All representatives are entitled a sensible time off work without pay, to manage a crisis including a dependant. For instance, if a dependant becomes sick or is harmed, to mastermind or go to a dependant burial service. Notwithstanding this all representative are entitled multi day paid occasion a year, this depend to the people title and timeframe theyve worked for the clinic (the more drawn out youve been in the activity the more days you are given). In addition, every single pregnant worker are qualified for downtime with pay to save arrangements for antenatal consideration made on the counsel of an enrolled clinical specialist, maternity specialist or wellbeing guest. Similarly all working moms are qualified for 18 weeks maternity leave. Most ladies will fit the bill for legal maternity pay or maternity stipend. Then again if a representative is been utilized by the NHS for over a year the person is meet all requirements for 13 weeks of unpaid parental leave to be taken before the new-conceived is five. In spite of the fact that the principles apply to moms and fathers, hardly any men are relied upon to take it since the leave is unpaid. It is significant for workers to meet the provisions of their agreements in light of the fact that, if a representative neglects to consent to his or agreement of business or approaches set by Barts and The London. For instance, if an utilize doesn't go to work for the hours expressed in the agreement, they will be managed in a proper way relying upon the conditions. The strategic the emergency clinic is to exceed expectations in quiet consideration, staff work, instruction and preparing and investigation into new fixes and medicines. For nearly, every individual from staff have targets identify with accomplishing Pathfinder needs legitimately; others are tied in with conveying the aggressive projects that support Pathfinder. These incorporate Clinical quality, Service effectiveness, Patient experience, Systems, culture and associations, Patient access, Patient decision, the medical clinic condition , access to data, The exhibition of workforce and Financial administration. There are directors that work with junior staff, at the (a month or three) they meet and disks (survey) regardless of whether they have accomplished their objectives or not. Wellbeing and Safety is Making the workplace alright for faculty, patients and people in general. Wellbeing and Safety Management is the procedure for killing or decreasing perils so individuals are not harmed or influenced by infection. It is significant for business to follow Health and Safety guidelines since managers must consent to a solicitation to set up a wellbeing board of trustees which has the capacity of holding under survey the measures taken to guarantee the wellbeing and security at work of the representatives. As they have an obligation to help out wellbeing agents generally delegated by a Trade Union. A dangerous substance can be any substance, regardless of whether strong, fluid or gas that may make hurt your wellbeing these substances (destructive, combustible, touchy, precipitously burnable, harmful, oxidizing, or water-receptive) they should be recognized in the work place by a hued precious stone image. Also, Hazards in the human services part is recognized by the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, for example, Working movements, Needle stick wounds, Latex hypersensitivity; Manual taking care of; Psychosocial issues, for example, savagery at work. For this situation it might be fundamental for the business to fall back on the lawful procedure or to move toward the crisis administrations for help, contingent upon the nature and advent of the risk. Then again workers have an obligation under area 7 of the Act to deal with their wellbeing and security, and the wellbeing and security of their partners, and to co-work to the degree important to empower the business to agree to his obligations under the Act. This could incorporate keeping up or co-working in the upkeep of wellbeing hardware, for example, breathing mechanical assembly or putting out fires gear. Like astute all workers expect advancement and pay ascend from their manager. As per the agreement of work, all representatives in the medical clinic will be paid month to month by credit move. On the off chance that a worker is paid not exactly the aggregate expressed in their agreement the individual can disclose this to an oversee and the oversee will talk about the issue to the finance oversee. Then again, a representative can make legitimate move is her installment isn't on schedule and the total expressed isn't paid on her next installment. Anybody matured 22 or over must be paid in any event à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½3.70 60 minutes. Those matured 18 21 get at least à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½3.20. A few gatherings are prohibited (detainees and relatives working in a privately-owned company). The benefits of the lowest pay permitted by law is that lowest pay permitted by law laws have raise the degree of joblessness and cause those that to do have an occupation work more earnestly. It is likewise a methods for diminishing destitution and improving the prosperity of low-salary laborers. The key duties regarding work place wellbeing and security are set out by the word related Health and security Act 1985. Boss ought to by law give a solid and safe workplace for their representatives. It is essential to give representatives a protected workplace in light of the fact that a business has control and the board of the work place; they have the essential duty regarding guaranteeing it is sheltered. Then again workers should likewise assume liability for taking care of their own wellbeing and security, and must not put others in danger by their activities (or by any inability to act which could bring about an episode). Be that as it may, if the medical clinic (managers) neglects to give representatives a protected workplace, they are obligated to substantial fines and may get awful notoriety or exposure. The advantages of a protected and sound workplace incorporate; Better worker wellbeing and prosperity, improved profitability and diminished lawful weights on bosses, the same number of wellbeing and security at work issues go under legal obligations. All medical caretakers in Barts and The London have a place with an affiliation called The Royal school of Nursing (RCN). The Royal College of Nursing enrollment is the biggest expert affiliation and association of nursing staff and understudies in the UK. It is a persuasive voice for nursing at home and abroad. The RCN advances nursing interests on a wide scope of issues by proficient bodies and deliberate association. The RCN gives a far reaching scope of administrations and advantages for its individuals, this remember counsel and backing for a scope of clinical, work and government assistance issues. The RCN likewise advances examination, quality and practice improvement through the RCN establishment. The illustrious College of Midwives (RCM) is the main worker's guild and expert association run by birthing specialists for maternity specialists. It is the voice of maternity care, giving greatness in proficient authority, instruction, impact and portrayal for and in the interest of birthing specialists. The RCM produces data and exhortation on a wide scope of maternity care issues. The Trust empowers representatives at all degree of the association to have a place with a Union and utilize their administrations. The Trust perceives UNISON, RCN, RCM, British Medical Association (BMA for specialists) and THE Chartered Society Physiotherapy (CSP). The Unions have sole acknowledgment and bartering rights to speak to workers with the desire for Directors, singular Senior Managers and Clinical Managers Contracts. The

Biographical Narrative based on the video Fatal Game :: essays papers

True to life Narrative dependent on the video 8216Fatal Game8217 Emerging lazy and drowsy after their restless night at camp six, Mark Whetu and Mike Rheinberger were delayed to dress, liquefy ice, and escape the tent at three o’clock in the first part of the day. They ought to have left at one at the most recent yet the breeze was excessively breezy. Shockingly, when they stacked their rucksacks, tied on their crampons and were prepared to leave, it was three thirty. Imprint, an accomplished climber knew they wouldn’t highest point before one p.m. be that as it may, he had just been employed as a guide for Rheinberger, who, after seven attempts at Mount Everest had still not had the option to highest point. For Rheinberger, drop was absolutely unsatisfactory. An excess of work, such a large number of restless evenings, and an excessive number of dreams had been contributed to not highest point. He couldn’t return for another attempt one weekend from now. To go down now, would have brought up one major issue: what may have bee n? Imprint was before Rheinberger and was becoming restless with his troubling pace. In front of them Mark detected another group, returning ineffective from their highest point endeavor. As the other group passed, they visited a bit. It wasn’t up to that point that Mark acknowledged how late it was. Twelve thirty. They were over four hours from the culmination, on the off chance that they rushed. Rheinberger was not stopping now. Imprint chose not to contend and the pair proceeded with their climb. At five thirty, when the light was gradually blurring, they were so near the highest point. Rheinberger was stimulating his pace now as he knew triumph was in his grip. At six o’clock, Rheinberger had at long last achieved what he been already unfit to accomplish throughout the previous ten years. However, even at this time of triumph, he was debilitating with each oxygen-denied breath. Down to one knee, watching the sun vanish, he seemed as though this was what he was sent to earth to do. Caution before long hit them both, as when they were just meters from the top the light vanished inside and out. â€Å"We’ll bevy.† Suggested Rheinberger. â€Å"It’s the main thing we can do.† ‘Unfortunately he was right.’ Thought Mark. Thus, they makes camp for the night in the passing zone. A stature where the body is biting the dust †starved, from nurturing oxygen.

Wiesels Night Essays - Holocaust Literature, Night, Book Of Exodus

Wiesel's Night Philosophy 1) How did Wiesel's faith in God change through his camp encounters? In the start of the book, Wiesel emphatically put stock in a divine being. He had faith in a divine being firmly to such an extent that he searched out somebody to show him his god. He likewise needed to show him how to live by the principles of his god. As the book, advanced Wiesel started to lose confidence in his god. Wiesel saw numerous horrendous occasions, which persuaded that there is no chance of a divine being existing on the grounds that he could never let these things happen to his kin. Before the finish of the novel, Wiesel had lost all confidence in God. 5) Wiesel communicates his resentment at God ordinarily during the book however particularly on page 65. What's your opinion about this resentment? Is it justifiable, fitting or is it nonsensical or even impious? I imagine that Wiesel's annoyance is totally reasonable. In the event that I were suffering such hardships as Wiesel, I might just turn out to be similarly as irate as he does at the god I have confidence in. I may even censure him as Wiesel does. Wiesel has the option to be furious. He feels that he doesn't have the right to be suffering such hardships. He needs god to help him by halting the torment and when God doesn't go to the guide of Wiesel, he criticizes him. Feelings presumably ran so high and the agony was most likely so extraordinary that it was exceptionally simple to lose control with god. 6) At one point, Wiesel says he doesn't feel human any longer. I'm not catching his meaning by this and what things can understand humankind and nobility? I think when Wiesel says that he doesn't feel human any longer he implies that he is living like a creature. He is confined like a creature. He works like a creature. He likewise is deprived of the considerable number of things that make him human. He isn't so anyone might hear to defend his privileges. He can not talk with his own unrestrained choice. On the off chance that he does, he will be executed. This thinks about to somebody who beats their pooch. On the off chance that you hit the pooch sufficiently long and he will recoil whenever, somebody lifts a hand to the canine. The canine has been deprived of his pride simply like Wiesel who has been deprived of his pride. 4) Who was Moshe the Beadle in Wiesel's life? What happened to Moshe and how was he changed? Moshe the Beadle was a poor man who worked in the Hasidic gathering place. He is an exemption to the town's standard of not talking or regarding needy individuals. Toward the start of the story he converses with Wiesel and discovers that Wiesel needs to gain proficiency with the methods of the Zohar. Wiesel consents to meet with him and talk about existence. Not long after they start there exercises Moshe the Beadle is expelled on the grounds that he is anything but a local of the town. A while passed and Moshe the beadle returned. He had changed. His eyes were not, at this point loaded up with delight. He meandered from house to house mentioning to the individuals of the town what had befallen all the outside Jews. He viewed, as the outside Jews needed to cause their own downfall and afterward be shot. He was so shocked by these occasions that it transforms him for good. He was practically crazy. Religion

Life Struggle on Minimum Wage Essay Example For Students

Life Struggle on Minimum Wage Essay Life Struggle on Minimum WageSometimes life isnt consistently as simple as finding a new line of work, bringing in cash and taking care of you tabs. In her entrancing book on broadened articles Nickel and Dimed, Barbara Ehrenreich acts like an incompetent laborer to show the battles experienced regularly by Americans endeavoring to live on the lowest pay permitted by law, coordinating salary to costs as the really poor endeavoring to do ordinary. (6)Ehrenreich gave herself three standards she needed to live by and they were: 1. She was unable to utilize her training or expert abilities to find work, 2. She needed to take the most lucrative activity offered and put forth a valiant effort to hold it and 3. She needed to take the least expensive housing accessible with a satisfactory degree of security and protection. Ehrenreich chooses to have a go at living in three urban areas over the US: Key West, Florida, Portland, Maine and Minneapolis, Minnesota. She needed to take the least expensive lodging accessible with an adequate degree of wellbeing and security. Ehrenreich chooses to take a stab at living in three urban communities over the US: Key West, Florida, Portland, Maine and Minneapolis, Minnesota. In Florida she functions as a server, taking two occupations, one of them she portrays the conditions as: The guideline banner in the single unisex bathroom reproves us to wash our hands completely, and even offers directions for doing as such, however there is in every case some indispensable substance missing cleanser, paper towels, tissue and I never discovered each of the three without a moment's delay. You figure out how to stuff your pockets with napkins before going in there, and really awful about the clients who must eat, in spite of the fact that they dont realiuze it, truly out of our hands. (30) Ehrenreich at long last surrenders, she had one of those I-cannot tolerate it-any longer minutes and exits. There isn't vindication in this leave, no screw you flood of help, only an over-whelming damp feeling of disappointment pushing down on me. (48) In Maine she works in a consideration home on the ends of the week and a cleaning house cleaner administration consistently. She discovers that her work as a house cleaner is difficult to the point that her wellbeing starts to come up short and she is revolted when a companion working with her battles on, regardless of genuine sickness and pregnancy. In Minnesota the creator ends up inside the mammoth global Wal-Mart, filling in as a shop colleague. Where everything is extremely scary and excessively done, right down to the direction. For sheer greatness, scale, and terrorizing esteem, I question if any corporate direction surpasses that of Wal-Mart. (143) Ehrenriech in her assessment of her encounters states: What amazed and affronted me most about low-wage working environment (and indeed, here the entirety of my white collar class benefit is on full showcase) was the degree to which one is required to give up ones fundamental social liberties and what comes down to something very similar - dignity. (208) She makes association between the humilaiation factor and low-compensation as: My supposition is that the outrages forced on such a large number of low-wage laborers - medicate tests, the consistent observation, being remaed out by administrators are a piece of what keeps compensation low. In the event that youre caused to feel disgraceful enough, you may come to believe that what youre paid is the thing that you are really worth. (211) Bothered was likely probably the best book I have perused in some time. Ehrenreichs style was exceptionally accurate and directly to the point with a couple included mockeries and entertaining experiences. She made me fully aware of what life is truly similar to out in reality, and despite the fact that she could never let herself experience neediness, (6) she made it very spotless that that wasnt her point. For all the horrible truth of enduring in the book this is a book to purchase not simply to obtain. There are some top notch cites in this book and Ehrenreich concedes herself, she cannot profess to talk with the voice of the laborers yet she says, What you dont fundamentally acknowledge when you begin selling your time constantly is that what youre really selling is your life. (187) That is my preferred statement in the book. Its actual once you get yourself made up for lost time in attempting to make it throughout everyday life, you permit yourself to get awful compensation constantly and you understand that youre selling your life and is that actually how you need to carry on with your life. .

Antidepressants and Hair Loss

Antidepressants and Hair Loss February 04, 2020 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids Tara Moore/Getty Images Hair loss is an extremely distressing problem, and its generally not well-received by men or women. Often, the first sign of hair loss is a handful of hair in the sink or the shower drain, which typically causes panic. While men more often experience hair thinning and loss as they age because of male hormones, which is called male-pattern hair loss, both men and women can lose hair for a variety of reasons, including autoimmune conditions, childbirth, extremely stressful events, thyroid disease, iron deficiency anemia, chemotherapy, and certain medications. If you started a new antidepressant within the past few months, it may be one reason youre seeing more hair on your brush. Unfortunately, while antidepressants exist to improve your mental health, some of the side effects can be a blow to your self-esteem. On the bright side, the hair loss caused by antidepressants is usually temporary.   Why Do Antidepressants Cause Hair Loss? The type of hair loss caused by antidepressants is called telogen effluvium. Telogen effluvium occurs when your body is stressed in some wayâ€"perhaps by childbirth, illness, surgery, mental stress, or poor nutrition or a medication, which causes hair follicles to enter into the resting stage (telogen phase) prematurely.?? Because more hair follicles are now in this resting stage, more hair is shed, leading to diffuse hair loss all over the scalp. Is It Permanent? The good news is that this type of hair loss is not permanent. Generally speaking, people will recover completely without any outside assistance in about six months once the medication is discontinued. Is My Antidepressant Causing My Hair Loss? While hair loss caused by antidepressant use is rare, it is a possible side effect for just about all antidepressants.?? Unfortunately, because there are so many potential causes of hair loss, the only way to know for certain if your antidepressant is causing your hair loss is to stop taking it and see if your hair regrows. Talk to your doctor before stopping your medication. What You Can Do to Help Your Hair Grow Back Other than stopping your medication and being patient while the problem corrects itself, there really isnt any specific treatment recommended for hair loss caused by antidepressants. However, there is some evidence, both anecdotal and in research, that supplements such as Viviscal and Nutrafol can encourage hair growth. In a 3 month, placebo-controlled study published in 2015, Viviscal, an extra-strength marine protein supplement, resulted in a significant increase in terminal hairs as well as significantly less hair shedding in women with thinning hair.?? A clinical trial of Nutrafol was completed in 2017,?? but some dermatologists were recommending it to their patients prior to the studys completion. Rest assured that your hair will grow back, even if its not as fast as youd like. While you wait, a different hairstyle or a hairpiece may help you feel better about your appearance. What If I Need to Stay on My Medication? If you need to remain on your medication there are a couple of options that may help. One is to reduce your dose, which may be enough to allow your hair to regrow. Another option is to switch to a different brand or the generic version of your medication, as it may be an inactive ingredient, rather than the drug itself, that is causing your hair loss. If neither of these options helps, and you feel that you really cant live with your hair loss, you will need to discuss with your doctor the pros and cons of switching to a different antidepressant.

Mutton Creation of Meat Categories in Mumbai, India - 4400 Words

Mutton: Creation of Meat Categories in Mumbai, India (Term Paper Sample) Content: Mutton: Creation of Meat Categories in Mumbai, IndiaAbstractThis study discusses specific ways of distinction of meat by calling it as Mutton and how it contributes to the making of class identifiers in the meat markets in Mumbai. It describes the characteristics of Mutton, and narrates how calling some meat as Mutton hides the identity of the real meat. The nexus of creation of meat categories has been discussed briefly. The context of calling beef as Mutton, and chicken or pork as Mutton are different. But, this work explains how these are similar in its basic structural sense. The study argues that, by calling a meat Mutton, the identity of the meat is hidden and through this it communicates this meat is not this meat, it is something else.IntroductionThis study is an effort to understand how the animal characteristics have been consciously detached from the meat markets in Mumbai, through discussions based on three incidents, which are not odd but happen in everyd ay life in the city. This study discusses the creation of word Mutton for an everyday discourse, which has different meaning than the usual mutton the flesh of sheep used as food. This study discusses different contexts where the creation of meaning for the word Mutton has been happening, and the sociocultural meaning of it; and how the word Mutton used in different contexts are similar in its internal meaning.The act of slaughtering is considered to be brutal, taking away of life from the living body of the animal. One of the notable effort for detaching the act of slaughtering from the edible meat happened in Mumbai was, when Bandra slaughterhouse has shifted to Deonar in 1971, it has named as Deonar abattoir instead of Deonar slaughterhouse. Ultimately there is no difference, but it primarily separates the act of slaughtering from the process of making meat from its name, these are similar in case of Americans call their slaughterhouses as meat plant or meat factory to further d ivorce the image of the food from the act of slaughter ADDIN EN.CITE Fiddes1991598(Fiddes, 1991, p. 98)556Nick FiddesMeat: The Natural Symbol1991LondonRoutledge(Fiddes, 1991, p. 98). Leach in his work similarly attributes sense of killing large animals, and eating their meat, the pairs which represents the animal and their meat are different because of this reason, like bullock beef, pig pork, sheep mutton ADDIN EN.CITE Leach19646(Leach, 1964)6628Edmund LeachLenneberg, E HAnthropological Aspects of Language: Animal Categories and Verbal AbuseNew Dictionaries in the Study of Language1964CambridgeMIT Press(Leach, 1964). These are similar ways of expressing form of differentiation of what we eat from what we see alive.Per capita consumption of meat is more among Indian rich people than the poor ADDIN EN.CITE Fu20121(Fu, Gandhi, Cao, Liu, Zhou, 2012)1117Fu, WengeGandhi, Vasant P.Cao, LijuanLiu, HongboZhou, ZhangyueRising Consumption of Animal Products in China and India: National and Global ImplicationsChina World EconomyChina World Economy88-10620320121671223410.1111/j.1749-124X.2012.01289.x(Fu, Gandhi, Cao, Liu, Zhou, 2012). As Pierre Bourdieu writes the food preference of different classes of people differ, and the professionals (the higher class) prefer more expensive meat and they differentiate themselves from other categories of people in preference of food; whereas people with high cultural capital and moderate economic capital will prefer the exotic food as well as the popular food, but they make their food distinct from others ADDIN EN.CITE Bourdieu19842(Bourdieu, 1984)226Pierre BourdieuRichard NiceDistinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste1984CambridgeHarvard University Press(Bourdieu, 1984). Whenever the products available in the market is same, these distinctions are possible only through making distinctions in the quality of products, and the freshness or purity of the product. Supermarkets do this role, they sell the same veg etables and fruits in polished, shining, and fresh looking form at higher price and the same after it got little substandard will be shifted to the informal markets in nearer poorer settlements ADDIN EN.CITE Eisenhauer20013(Eisenhauer, 2001)3317Eisenhauer, ElizabethIn Poor Health: Supermarkets Redlining and Urban NutritionGeoJournalGeoJournal125-13353220010343252110.1023/a:1015772503007(Eisenhauer, 2001). Then the distinction is made through the price paid and the appearance of the product when it is sold. Similarly, these distinctions in meat products have made through making different meat types, differentially pricing different parts of the same animal by its taste, nutritional value, and other attractive features as well as convenience to cook. Appadurai discusses about the cross cultural, caste, class, ethnic exchange of recipes, through the complex Indian urban middle class women interactions, at the same time these direct exchanges are absent in the outside world - there the cultural, caste, class, and ethnic differences are explicitly maintained ADDIN EN.CITE Appadurai19884(Appadurai, 1988)4417Arjun AppaduraiHow to make a national cuisine: Cookbooks in contemporary IndiaComparitive Studies in Society and HistoryComparitive Studies in Society and History3-243011988(Appadurai, 1988). This work slightly touches this aspect when recipes are same the distinctions are maintained through the materials used. Majorly this work discusses about how these distinctions are made in the meat markets in Mumbai. Three incidents while living in Mumbai has taken as the thread for the study, and further discussed about Mutton.Three IncidentsThe core discussion in this paper is starting from three incidents noted by the author while living in different parts of the Mumbai city. The first incident is from a restaurant in central suburb of Mumbai, Powai, most of the customers of this restaurant are university students from a famous university nearby, and most among them we re South Indian students. It is only one easily accessible restaurants near to the university which serve beef, and south Indian meals. The second incident is from Chembur a South-Central suburb of Mumbai city. The incident has happened in a cold storage near to the railway station. This spot where the shop is situated is easily accessible for the rich people who live towards the east of the station and the poor who live along the railway line; and this location gets crowded in every market days and people from different economic and linguistic background come here to purchase pork. The third incident has happened at a mutton shop in the Kamothe area of New Mumbai city. These areas are recently planned and constructed. A mixed crowd lives here, mostly new migrants to the city and middle income people who has shifted out of the city live here. This mutton shop is one of the many mutton shops available in the main market area of Kamothe.A Restaurant in Powai, MumbaiThree plate rice an d one plate beef fry, one beef curry, and one plate fish fry was the order placed to shop owner. He shouted towards the kitchen, three plate rice, one Mutton fry, one Mutton curry, and fish fry. The person who ordered confirmed with the shop owner, brother, we want beef, not mutton. The shop owner did not attend his worries. In a short while the order has come, in an answer to the gazing eyes of the serving boy, the shop owner pointed his finger towards the table where it supposed to be served. It was beef!A cold storage in Chembur, MumbaiThis shop near to Chembur railway station sells pork. An order for one kilogram of boneless-pork was placed to the cashier. The cashier asked the butcher to get one kilogram of Mutton. The butcher then took many cuts of pork from the freezer and asked us to select one among that. We select loin and asked the cashier, why do they call it as Mutton, and he replied everybody calls it Mutton only; therefore we also call it as Mutton.A chicken store, Ka mothe, Navi MumbaiMutton or chicken? The shop keeper asked us again. We gazed at each other, we did not see any mutton pieces displayed there, and asked the shop keeper again; do you serve mutton? He replied yes; we asked do you serve it fresh, he replied, yes I will make Mutton and give it right now. We ordered for one and a half kilogram of mutton. Then he took a bigger chicken and killed it, dressed it and gave.Three MuttonsThese incidents show the use of the term Mutton, in different ways and having different meanings. These uses do not limit to the meaning of Mutton as the flesh of sheep. But, it has another meaning which communicates to the people around. In the first incident, the word Mutton represents beef, in the second incident it means pork, and in the third incident it means chicken; along with that, actual sheeps meat also called as mutton. The question here is why do they use Mutton for all other forms of meat? This question has been attended in a socio-cultural conte xt of Mumbai, where beef is banned ADDIN EN.CITE Government of Maharashtra20158(Government of Maharashtra, 2015b)8850Government of Maharashtra,Law and Judiciary DepartmentMaharashtra Animal Preservation (Amendment) Act2015MumbaiPrincipal Secratery and RLA to Government(Government of Maharashtra, 2015b), pork is considered to be loathsome, and food which out-casted eat; but people prefer chicken and mutton for their usual non-vegetarian consumption.What does different forms of Mutton mean?Many varieties of meats represent as Mutton (with capital letter M) because of different reasons. This part of the discussion describes how Mutton brings the idea of security to the sellers within the system of meat merchandise ...

Largest Metropolitan Areas in the United States

Some of the most populous cities in the United States have held on to those top spots decade after decade. In fact, New York City has been the largest U.S. metropolitan area since the countrys first census in 1790. The other long-time holders of top-three titles are Los Angeles and Chicago. To have a change in the top three, you have to go back to 1980 to have Los Angeles and Chicago trade places, with Chicago holding the number two spot. Then, you have to look back to 1950 to find Los Angeles moving down to number 4 behind Philadelphia and keep heading back to 1940 to have Detroit push Los Angeles down to number five.   The Census Bureaus Criteria The U.S. Census Bureau conducts official census counts every ten years, and regularly releases population estimates for consolidated metropolitan statistical areas (CMSAs), metropolitan statistical  areas, and primary metropolitan areas. CMSAs  are urban areas (such as one or more counties) with a city of more than 50,000 and its surrounding suburbs. The area needs to have a combined population of at least 100,000 (in New England, the total population requirement is 75,000). The suburbs need to be economically and socially integrated with the core city, in most cases by a high level of residents commuting into the core city, and the area needs to have a specific percentage of the urban population or population density. The Census Bureau first started using a definition of a metropolitan area for census work in the tabulation of 1910 and used the minimum of 100,000 or more residents, revising it in 1950 down to 50,000 to take into account the growth of suburbs and their integration with the city they surround. About Metropolitan Areas The 30 largest metropolitan areas in the United States are those urban and suburban areas containing populations of more than 2 million. The top five largest metropolitan areas  are still the five largest in population as represented in the 2010 U.S. Census. This list of the top 30 metropolitan areas spans from New York City to Milwaukee; youll note that many of the largest consolidated metros in New England stretch through multiple states. Several others across the country span borders as well; for example, Kansas City, Kansas stretches over into Missouri.  In another example, St. Paul and Minneapolis are both completely in Minnesota, but there are people residing right across the border in Wisconsin who are considered an integrated part of the metropolitan statistical area of Minnesotas Twin Cities. The data here represents the estimates from July 2016; a new census will take place in 2020. The 30 Biggest U.S. Metropolitan Areas from Largest to Smallest   1. New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA 23,689,255 2. Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA 18,688,022 3. Chicago-Naperville, IL-IN-WI 9,882,634 4. Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA 9,665,892 5. San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA 8,751,807 6. Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT 8,176,376 7. Dallas-Fort Worth, TX-OK 7,673,305 8. Philadelphia-Reading-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD 7,179,357 9. Houston-The Woodlands, TX 6,972,374 10. Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Port St. Lucie, FL 6,723,472 11. Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs, GA 6,451,262 12. Detroit-Warren-Ann Arbor, MI 5,318,653 13. Seattle-Tacoma, WA 4,684,516 14. Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI 3,894,820 15. Cleveland-Akron-Canton, OH 3,483,311 16. Denver-Aurora, CO 3,470,235 17. Orlando-Deltona-Daytona Beach, FL 3,202,927 18. Portland-Vancouver-Salem, OR-WA 3,160,488 19. St. Louis-St. Charles-Farmington, MO-IL 2,911,769 20. Pittsburgh-New Castle-Weirton, PA-OH-WV 2,635,228 21. Charlotte-Concord, NC-SC 2,632,249 22. Sacramento-Roseville, CA 2,567,451 23. Salt Lake City-Provo-Orem, UT 2,514,748 24. Kansas City-Overland Park-Kansas City, MO-KS 2,446,396 25. Columbus-Marion-Zanesville, OH 2,443,402 26. Las Vegas-Henderson, NV-AZ 2,404,336 27. Indianapolis-Carmel-Muncie, IN 2,386,199 28. Cincinnati-Wilmington-Maysville, OH-KY-IN 2,224,231 29. Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, NC 2,156,253 30. Milwaukee-Racine-Waukesha, WI 2,043,274

Should Abortion Be Legal - 1594 Words

Abortion has been an ongoing issue for many years and over the years this issue has grown in importance. This issue is widely argued over many subjects and like many other aspects of the human life, this is an issue which is definitely up for open interpretation. If the word abortion isn’t clear than here is a little definition of it, the termination of pregnancy and expulsion of an embryo or of a fetus that is incapable of survival. I don’t think that because a fetus is unborn, that fetus does not have any rights, actually that organism is in development meaning it should hold equal human rights, again it is definitely up for debate. Abortion is a subject which could be considered as a debatable gray area in life which no matter how much is argued will never be clear as to what really is right or wrong. There are many people out there, me included, would go against abortion because we believe that it is a form of murder because even though the organism is helpless is n onetheless a living organism forming to become a human being. There are those who would argue against this and say that it is ok to abort an unborn baby and that a woman has the right to choose what she does with her body and anything which grows and lives inside of her. If she claims that she is not fit to bring a life form into the world than they would argue that abortion is the best way to go without any hesitation. A few questions come up when this issue comes up for debate, for example is abortionShow MoreRelatedAbortion Should Not Be Legal1647 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most highly debated topics is abortion and whether or not it should be legal. People who oppose abortion, meaning they are pro-life claim that abortion should be completely illegal with no aspects of it whatsoever; it can be a murder for the people standing against it. The other side of the argument, meaning people who are pro-choice, defend it by believing it to be a right been given to the women. They also claim even if abortion was to be illegal, it would still be practiced. EveryRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal920 Words   |  4 Pagesworld has struggled with for ages and one thing that people are advocating around the world for is abortion. Abortion is either a procedure or pill that stops a fetus s heart. Abortion should not be legal because life beings at creation, abortions are a direct violation of the 14th amendment, and thousands of people would love to adopt a child: handicapped or otherwise. Abortion should not be legal because life begins at creation. What is creation? Some people say conception, but it actually isRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1320 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion, as you all may know, is a really popular topic. There have long been many debates between the two groups, pro-life and pro-choice. People who are pro-life believe that part of the government’s job is to protect all forms of human life. Those who are pro-choice believe that every individual should have control over their own reproductive systems. Pro-life supporters strongly believe that even an undeveloped fetus has life; it is still growing and it needs to be protected. And this soundsRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1217 Words   |  5 PagesNovember 2015 Should Abortion be Legal Among all the issues that have been fought for or against in the United States, abortion may be one of the most popular issues that Americans are passionate about. Abortion is defined as the removal of the embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy. Thousands of abortions take place every single day, and yet public opinion remains at a standstill as to whether or not abortion is ethical. Everyone holds different opinions on abortion. The proponentsRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pages Abortions have been performed on women for thousands of years. Abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy. Most often it is performed during the first 20 weeks of being pregnant. The controversy over whether or not abortion should be legal continues to divide Americans till this day. An important landmark case was the Roe v. Wade case, where the Court argued that the zone of privacy was broad enough to encompass a woman s decision whether or not to terminateRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal? Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesWhen the word abortion is heard, it is always associated with many negative things such as murder and inhumanity. However not legalizing abortion creates a huge problem for women around the world. Having a child takes consideration, planning and preparation and if pregnancy happens without any of this, why bother to have it at all? The reasons why abortion should be legal is that it supports the fundamental human rights for women by giving them a choice, it reduces crime by reducing the number ofRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1135 Words   |  5 PagesKelsi Hodgkin Composition 1 Professor Chipps 19 October 2015 Should Abortion Be Legal A common debate in the world today involves abortion, the deliberate end of human pregnancy, and whether or not it should be legalized. â€Å"Every year in the world there are an estimated 40-50 million abortions. This corresponds to approximately 125,000 abortions per day† (â€Å"Abortions Worldwide this Year†). On one side of the argument, people are not disturbed by this grotesque number, and on theRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?963 Words   |  4 PagesLegal or Illegal? Which would you prefer? Not many are willing to discuss such a gut wrenching topic, but this needs to be addressed. It is a very controversial topic with having to do with women rights and activists. Since there are two sides to every argument, there is one side such as to make abortion legal and the opposing side to keep abortions illegal. In my opinion making abortion illegal can regulate the amount of women who do get pregnant. I believe that making abortions legal will let womenRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?867 Words   |  4 PagesABORTION Abortion is a deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. There are series of legal, moral and ethical issues which may arise about abortion. Most arguments about abortion are often focused on political insinuations and the legal aspect of such actions. Some frequently asked questions’ regarding the issue is if the practice should be outlawed and regarded as murder or should women have the right to practice it. For example, prior toRead MoreShould Abortions Be Legal?939 Words   |  4 PagesShould abortions be legal? Abortions have been a big issue since the Roe v Wade case. There have been a lot of disagreements between the Pro-life supporters and the pro-choice supporters. Pro-life supporters feel like abortions deter murder, while pro-choice supporters believe that the women should be able to make their own decisions. I am a part of the pro-life supporters because I feel like abortions are wrong for several of reasons. Why should women get an abortion if there are other choices for

Benjamin Franklin, the Father of Foreign Diplomacy Essay

Some people will argue that the true birth of United States of America started with George Washington leading the Continental Army against Great Britains royal army in pursuit of freedom from foreign dictatorship; seizing the opportunity to create and control their own government in the manner in which they sought fit. One of the major forces in this battle for freedom was the diplomatic travels of Benjamin Franklin. His travels to England and France set the foundation for the dealings in foreign diplomacy that are still in effect today. Without Benjamin Franklins wisdom, knowledge and courage to address Kings and Parliament on the behalf of the colonies, the American government, as we know it would not exist. Benjamin was born†¦show more content†¦Upon his return to the colonies he was elected as the unofficial ambassador to England, and this became a duty that he carried out for many years to come. Over the next decade, hostilities grew between the colonies and England. Benjamin Franklin spent his time as a delegate between the two lands and argued many of the colonies grievances toward Britains mistreatment. In 1765 at the age of 59, Franklin addressed Parliament regarding the Quartering Bill, which allowed forceful housing of British soldiers in the homes of the Americans. He argued on behalf of the colonies and Parliament amended the bill making the act illegal. During this same year, Parliament passed the Stamp Act as a way of acquiring more money from the colonies. This is where many of Benjamin Franklins diplomatic duties began. Franklin was called to testify in front of Parliment, A questioner asked: Considering the resolutions of Parliament as to the right, do you think, if the stamp-act is repealed, that the North Americans will be satisfied? Franklin responded: I think the resolutions of right will gibe them very little concern, if they are never attempted to be carried into practice. A adversary asked: If the stamp-act should be repealed, would it induce the assemblies of America to acknowledge the rights of Parliament to tax them, and would they erase their resolutions [ofShow MoreRelatedBenjamin Franklin Was A Great Impact On Society1249 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Benjamin Franklin was a very important colonist in the Revolutionary War era. He was mainly known for being a Founding Father with many inventions and contributions to the founding of the United States of America; he had helped write the Declaration of Independence, U.S. Constitution, and the Articles of Confederation, also he helped form the Treaty of Paris, drafted into the Second Continental Congress and performed the kite and key experiment fueling the flame for his interest inRead MoreThe Benjamin Franklin1357 Words   |  5 PagesBenjamin Franklin In our American history many figures have left their mark, and are remembered still today. Benjamin Franklin was as famous as any president, but yet never elected to public office. He was one of the nation’s revolutionary founding fathers of all time. Benjamin Franklin was a respected hero of America of many talents and accomplishments. First of all, Benjamin Franklin was born at Boston in 1706. He was the tenth sibling in the family. He was the son of a soap and candle maker.Read MoreEssay about Benjamin Franklin1935 Words   |  8 PagesBenjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin was an American printer and publisher, author, inventor, scientist, and who was a diplomat born on January 17th 1706 and died in Philadelphia on April 17th 1790. Franklin was one of ten sons of seventeen children of a man by the name of Josiah who was a soap and candle maker and mother by the name of Abiah, a discrete and virtuous woman (Van Doren 7). Ben was raised in a Puritan heritage household which they had left to avoid Englands Restoration Era of 1683Read MoreThe Revolutionary War : A Successful Revolt Against The British Reign And Formed A Whole New Nation1615 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican armies to learn new military tactics and establish foreign interventions. Despite the disorganization of the union, most colonists came together as one to fight. With the support of the people, many diplomatic opportunities came and choices were made, such as the Olive Branch Petition and forming an alliance with France; moreover, this would have been possible with out the great leadership of our founding father, Benjamin Franklin, and the ideal image of leadership from the honorable GeorgeRead MoreAp Us Questions1624 Words   |  7 Pagesearly republican? Ellis identifies Alexander Hamilton, Aaron Burr, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, John Adams, James Madison and Abigail Adams to be the most important figures in the early republican. Hamilton was the country’s treasurer and was in charge of the financial issues. Thomas Jefferson served as the peacemaker, and was also the governor of Virginia. Benjamin Franklin and James Madison were the founders of the early republic. George Washington was the firstRead MoreAn Effective Foreign Policy Is Essential For A Nation1154 Words   |  5 PagesAn effective Foreign Policy is essential for a nation to function in a world economy Today more than ever before we can travel and communicate with foreign countries at lightning speed. Whereas before it may take weeks or months to contact another country today, we can reach into our pocket and contact a person over 7,000 miles away. What us to take us months to get to another country now can be accomplished hours. We personal can become part of the international trade by just sitting down at ourRead MoreEssay about Declaration Of Independence1591 Words   |  7 Pagesmentioned above was the Declaration of Independence. It changed the course of history because it granted America its freedom from Great Britain. Originally, there was a committee created to compose the document which consisted of John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, Robert R. Livingston, and Thomas Jefferson. After conversing with one another, the committee decided that Thomas Jefferson would be the one to write it with the final approval coming from the other four. After writing it and receiv ingRead MoreFrom Zero to Hero1425 Words   |  6 Pagesmemories gone with their destroyed writings and lost philosophies. John Jay, the first Chief Justice of the United States, is such a person. Though not as recognizable as people like Benjamin Franklin and Alexander Hamilton, he too made contributions to both the Revolutionary War and the early American Republic. The founding father John Jay was able to secure his reputation as a leader by acting with patriotism, tact, and decency throughout his life and career. John Jay was a staunch patriot whoRead MoreThe War Of 1812 And The Declaration Of Independence3767 Words   |  16 PagesPerez History 101 7/28/14 â€Æ' Intro For my top 10 history I have chosen the Louisianan purchase, Sons of Liberty, Bill of Rights, The Declaration of Independence, The war of 1812, Abraham Lincoln, Eli Whitney, Jamestown, Baron Von Steuben, and Benjamin Franklin because I believe these people and events had a big effect on America. I chose the Louisiana Purchase because it was a major deal that in the end has given us 15 states. The sons of liberty were a rebel group that was a symbol of the coloniesRead MoreThe Achievements Of The Nobel Peace Prize1906 Words   |  8 PagesNew York. As a child, he struggled with his asthma. Many of his family members called him â€Å"Teddy†, a name he wasn’t found of. However, that name latched on until people used his nickname to make a toy many of us are familiar with, a Teddy Bear. His father, Theodore Roosevelt Sr., knew he was very intelligent but thought he did not have the body to match. He told him to make his body by exercising, so young Theodore did and becam e stronger. This led him to gain an interest in wrestling and weightlifting

Nature vs. Nurture Essay - 1361 Words

The causes of a criminal Mind Nature versus Nurture In todays society, one will find that there are many different factors that go into the development of a criminal mind, and it is impossible to single out one particular cause of criminal behavior. Criminal behavior often stems from both biological and environmental factors. In many cases criminals share similar physical traits which the general population do not usually have. For example criminals have smaller brains than properly adjusted individuals. However biological reasons cannot solely be the cause of criminal behavior. Therefore, one must look to other sources as to how a criminal mind is developed. Social and environmental factors also are at fault for developing†¦show more content†¦However, despite this information, scientists have no basis to come to any conclusions with this data. Therefore, one must consider other possible factors that may create a criminal mind, to come to a reasonable decision as to how one is developed. It is proven that there is a connection between diet and crime. There is a strong correlation between poor nutrition and violent crime. Nutrition can often further aggravate a persons condition. The L.A. probation department, which is the nations largest correctional agency, banned all toxins such as chocolate bars, sugars, and refined foods. By doing that, it was proven that a dietary change to healthy food can lower anti-social behavior by about forty six percent. Sugar consumption can cause a chain reaction in the body leading to anti-social behavior because the pancreas releases insulin which makes excess glucose. When John Hinckley tried to kill president Regean he was living on a diet of fast food, coffee, and sugary soft drinks. This shows that our biochemical make-up can also contribute to a persons motivation to criminal behavior but the way our body reacts to certain environmental toxins is not a valid explanation for criminal behavior. In toda ys society there are many factors that are proven to provoke act of violence. Canadas current rate of violent crime is one fifth of that of the United States, which proves that criminalShow MoreRelatedNature Vs Nurture : Is The Nature Or Nurture?1300 Words   |  6 PagesAoS 3: Student Directed Research Investigation Unit 1 Psychology - Megan Rodrigues RESEARCH QUESTION How is the nature vs nurture debate related to a consideration of the mental disorder, schizophrenia? INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is categorized by thoughts or experiences that seem abnormal with reality, disorganized speech or behaviour and decreased participation in regular daily activities. Difficulty with memory and concentration are sometimes also present. The two hit hypothesis generally refersRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Nature Or Nurture874 Words   |  4 Pages Nature or Nurture. Nature may be all of the genes and hereditary factors with which influence them to become who they are such as physical appearances and personality characteristics. Nurturing impacts people’s lives as well as how they are raised and all the environmental factors. In combination, these qualities can be the true identity of oneself. Many people may argue that nurture appears to a play huge factor in the two, but others may think otherwise. Not having both as a characteristic canRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Nature And Nurture1821 Words   |  8 PagesNature and nurture are usually seen as very different things, but they are actually somewhat similar and even integrated. There is a huge debate over which holds more influence over how people develop and whether they behave based on genes or their environment. In Sincero’s article Nature and Nurture Debate she discusses arguments for both sides, saying behavior may be completely in a person’s genes, or it could come from experience and influence. Many people believe â€Å"that the criminal acts, tendencyRead MoreNature And Nurture : Nature Vs. Nurture1780 Words   |  8 PagesAs Nature Made Him: Nature vs. Nurture Human behavior is determined by both biological and environmental factors. Psychologists are interested in learning which of these factors is a greater influence on human behavior and identity. Although psychologists today generally agree that both nature and nurture play a role in conditioning behavior, there is still disagreement about the part that each of the factors have in determining behavior. The nature versus nurture debate focuses around the extentRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Nature And Nurture1821 Words   |  8 Pages Nature and nurture are usually seen as very different things, but they are actually somewhat similar and even integrated. There is a huge debate over which holds more influence over how people develop and whether they behave based on genes or their environment. In Sincero’s article Nature and Nurture Debate she discusses arguments for both sides, saying behavior may be completely in a person’s genes, or it could come from experience and influe nce. Many people believe â€Å"that the criminal acts, tendencyRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Nurture1405 Words   |  6 PagesDecember 2015 Nature vs. Nurture Very few people know that the nature vs. nurture debate actually began early on with famous Greek philosophers such as Plato and Descartes. These two theorized that certain things were inborn and occurred naturally regardless of environmental factors (Cherry 1). Most people began to witness this debate in 1896 when the phrase â€Å"Nature vs. Nurture† was coined by English polymath, Francis Galton (â€Å"Nature vs. Nurture†Origins 1). At this point the nature vs. nurture debate grewRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Nurture901 Words   |  4 Pagestime the proverbial nature vs. nurture question has sparked quite a debate. I hold the belief that nature vs. nurture is a zero-sum game. We essentially enter this existence, a lump of clay that needs molding in order to take form. So, I believe my creative abilities can be attributed to the sum of our genetic predisposition, the nurture of our mind, and the dynamic of both nature and nurture, with nurture being the predominant influencing factor. In psychology, nature refers to the inheritedRead MoreNature Vs Nurture And Nurture1777 Words   |  8 Pagesformed and cultivated through nature or nurture. This psychological anomaly is why I am writing this paper. Ever since I have enrolled in, and taken, a psychology class during my junior year, I have questioned whether every little emotion and action is because of nature or nurture. No topic is more widely explored and researched than morality. It cannot be scientifically or psychologically proven or tested, making any claim highly controversial. This idea, of nature vs nurture, that I had previously researchedRead MoreThe Nature Vs. Nurture1463 Words   |  6 PagesT What can we define as Human Nature and Nurture? The Nature vs. Nurture has been a long never ending debate for some time now. Nature vs Nurture has been so profoundly debated, that now it’s unclear whether what makes us who we are and what we do, nature or nurture. For purposes of this essay Nature is going to be defined as characteristics we acquire through our genetic and biological factors, while that Nurture is going to be defined characteristics we acquire through our interactions and influencesRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Nature Versus Nurture1337 Words   |  6 PagesNature vs. Nurture There are many different ways that behavior can be explained, especially on the terms of nature vs. nurture. Aggression is a behavior that has been extensively analyzed in a complex manner and the causes of it can be explained many different ways. Aggression can be defined as hostile or destructive behavior that can cause injury or destructive outlook especially when caused by frustration. Nature can be defined as aspects of behavior that have been inherited or are genetic, while

The Importance Of Playgrounds Education Essay Free Essays

The Special Care Center in Abu Dhabi, an commissioned organisation for Disabled Care and Rehabilitation, is seeking proposals from experient technology companies for the design of a resort area that should be appropriate for kids with assorted disablements. Therefore, the Alta Vista squad decided to transport on the undertaking and design an equal resort area for those kids. Keeping in head that similar jobs have been resolved and similar merchandises have been designed before, which means that we should happen out what is already known about the topic. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance Of Playgrounds Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus, farther research on assorted facets of the job should be done as it will supply us with a better apprehension to the job and assist us develop the conceptual design. Furthermore, we will be discoursing the importance of resort areas for handicapped and normal kids and specifically how can playgrounds prepare kids for the remainder of their lives? The desire to play and bask games is a natural desire in all kids no affair how rich or hapless their households are or how much they can travel independently, hear, talk or see. This is supported by Wilson [ 1 ] ; â€Å" All kids and immature people need to play. The urge to play is unconditioned. Play is a biological and psychological and societal necessity, and is cardinal to the healthy development and good being of persons and communities. † Playing times are cherished and valuable for all ages non merely kids, as those memories are unforgettable. If you ask any grownup about a favourite drama memory from their childhood, they will non merely retrieve what they did but they will besides retrieve how they felt [ 1 ] . Well, it is every kid ‘s right to play and experience the equality. Furthermore, David Lloyd George [ 1 ] supported this by stating ; â€Å" The right to play is a childaa‚ ¬a„?s foremost claim on the community. Play is natureaa‚ ¬a„?s preparation for life. No community can conflict that right without making digesting injury to the heads and organic structures of its citizens. † We believe that the above information is valuable for our design undertaking as it highlights some of import points ; 1 ) the construction of the resort area should be interesting adequate and gratifying to be sketched in those kids ‘s memories. 2 ) The resort area should non be particular for handicapped kids merely but accessible for all kids, as this might impact their psychological position by experiencing alone and discriminated from others. The most obvious feature of resort areas is that they provide a interruption from the twenty-four hours ‘s modus operandi. Taking interruptions are considered indispensable for people of all ages and in all Fieldss as it helps increasing the productiveness and watchfulness of the encephalon. This was supported by the experimental research conducted by [ 2 ] , as the consequences found that callback is improved when acquisition is spaced instead than presented all at one time. Furthermore, physical activities in resort area where supported by [ 2, 3 ] to increase fittingness, better attitudes and support acquisition. Those activities do non merely back up instruction, but they besides support kids ‘s wellness ; by cut downing inaction which is associated with fleshiness, which causes wellness jobs such as high blood force per unit area and high cholesterin [ 2, 3 ] . Therefore, resort areas play an indispensable function on kids ‘s physical wellness, and physical wel lness plays an of import function in kids ‘s instruction. As a consequence, supplying particular physical activities that are suited for handicapped kids and accessible for normal kids should be considered while transporting out our design undertaking. The bulk of bing literature has focused on modifying or altering the equipments of resort areas to accommodate kids with particular demands [ 4 ] . However, this is non what is supposed to be done in order to implement inclusion in resort areas, because these discriminatory patterns will frequently do it hard for handicapped kids to fall in in [ 5 ] . What is truly meant by â€Å" Disabled Children † are those who experience favoritism on the land of their damage [ 5 ] . This is supported by [ 5 ] , the societal theoretical account attack developed by handicapped people in 1981, â€Å" Damage is what we have, Disability is what we experience. † Therefore, teacher mediated intercessions and thoughts for developing activities that do non necessitate important environmental alterations are required [ 4 ] . Furthermore, attending should be shifted to the methodological analysiss that might be used in the development of those kids ‘s societal accomplishments as most of those kids exhibit societal accomplishments shortages. Harmonizing to [ 4 ] , toys that promote societal interactions instead than lone drama should be provided, in order to further concerted interactions between kids in resort areas. Therefore, developmentally appropriate playthings and stuffs should be designed and chosen with attention, as to develop the utile accomplishments required to fix those kids for their maturity [ 4, 6 ] . Playgrounds initiate the development of two sorts of indispensable and needed accomplishments for handicapped kids [ 3, 7 ] ; 1 ) motor and physical accomplishments, which are helpful for their fittingness and wellness, 2 ) Soft accomplishments, are those which complement difficult accomplishments ( portion of a individual ‘s IQ ) . We can reason that these accomplishments are good for those kids ‘s instruction. Therefore, we should be able to cognize how to develop these accomplishments and through what sorts of games while carry oning ou r design undertaking? While playing in resort areas, kids do non recognize that they are constructing accomplishments and coordination while they are busy holding merriment [ 3 ] . Play affecting balls, running, starting bubbles, or edifice things are great methods to construct motor accomplishments. In fact, all verbs normally associated with childhood games, such as ; ascent, walk, kick, slide, skip, balance, pull, swing, crawl, and etc, besides go on to be activities that better physical motor accomplishments [ 3 ] . Some activities, mounting constructions and siting bikes, aid in edifice musculuss and increasing fittingness, which makes the pupils healthier and more active [ 3 ] . This is of import for the pupils in the Special Care Center, as handicapped kids do non merely have mental jobs but they besides suffer from physical jobs and need an chance to trip their musculuss and increase their motor accomplishments. Soft accomplishments help kids in constructing their character every bit good as defining and polishing their personalities for those coming grownup old ages [ 7 ] . Each and every game in a resort area has a intent and every game a kid plays in a resort area teaches him a lesson. We will be discoursing the most important and critical lessons that are tough by playing and better kids ‘s soft accomplishments. See-saws give the chance to interact with another kid and develop balance and coordination [ 3 ] . Climbing a slide for the first clip can be a great assurance builder and aid kids learn to take little hazards which increase their bravery [ 3 ] . This is besides depending on how friendly and swearing the environment is, as it gives the childs a opportunity to set themselves on the line a small spot. This teaches them that if they do a error, it is non the terminal of the universe [ 7 ] . Furthermore, resort areas can learn kids how to get by when things do non work out thei r manner, set ends, work toward a common end and keep their self-respect [ 7 ] . The critical portion of playing is larning that they can non ever reach what they want. There are regulations on the resort area, merely like there are regulations in the existent universe [ 7 ] . In order to acquire along or to win, childs have got to understand and stay by those regulations. Therefore, kids have to larn forbearance, how to allow out their defeat without harming themselves or others [ 7 ] . No 1 wins every clip, the resort area is non the lone topographic point to larn that but it provides an chance for it. Once kids learn it on the resort areas they can use it in other topographic points in their lives. They can reassign the accomplishments from the resort area to existent life. Children learn how to voyage through the development of societal and emotional accomplishments, which increases their job work outing accomplishments later in life [ 7 ] . Finally, the resort area offers kids different ways to happen themselves through test and mistake and this is how they learn and win in their hereafter lives [ 7 ] . It besides offers them with an opportunity to ramify out of their comfort zone, prove things out, and experiment with new wonts, behaviours and traits. It gives them a opportunity to take a deep breath and happen the bravery to plunge in and allow travel of errors [ 7 ] . When it comes down to it, it is non an issue of larning how to cover with failure but how to cover with success [ 7 ] . The resort area can assist disenable childs experience more confident about who they are, their abilities and what they are good at. So while carry oning our design we should stress on the importance of equality between the handicapped kids in the Special Care Center and normal kids. In decision, this background reading has provided the Alta Vista squad with important information that will help and back up the design undertaking. In order to hold a successful design, we should see the layout or the construction of the design, by doing it colourful and interesting plenty for kids to research. Furthermore, the construction or the design of the resort area should non be particular for disabled childs merely. The resort area should be accessible by both handicapped and normal kids. As playing together gets kids to concentrate more on what they have in common and less on their differences. When they have an environment that focuses more on their similarities, it is traveling to be more inclusive and respectful of single differences [ 7 ] . Furthermore, before planing each game in a resort area a list of what kids can larn or profit by playing in this game should be planned. In order to be able to supply all the necessary accomplishments required by those kids in their coming up hereafter and back up their instruction and success. How to cite The Importance Of Playgrounds Education Essay, Essay examples

Essay about Overview of the Youth Advocacy Program Essay Example For Students

Essay about Overview of the Youth Advocacy Program Essay Responding to a Pennsylvania Attorney General’s 1975 ruling banning youth from incarceration with adults at Camp Hill Correctional Facility, Thomas Jeffers launched the Youth Advocate Program Inc. (YAP) in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. In the early days, YAP’s mission was to offer community-based alternatives to institutionalization, incarceration and other out-of-home placements. They did not operate any out-of-home care programs such as shelters, foster homes and residential facilities. Over the years, attempting to stay current with the trends in the juvenile and criminal justice system, YAP expanded its model to offer services to a broader population by developing 125 programs in 18 locations across the nation, including Washington D. C. Today YAP has become a national and international leader committed to keeping young people and families together. Their goal is to address the needs of youth who are, have been, or may be subject to compulsory care, providing them with opportunities to develop the skills necessary to enhance their unique strengths and interests, improve their life circumstances and make positive contributions to the betterment of their community. This community-based-approach provides neighborhoods with safe, proven, effective and economical alternatives to institutional placement, and allows young people to be valued and seen as assets by the members of their community. What is unique and sets YAP apart from other community-based organizations is their multi-faceted service model comprised of the following five central pillars: Community Advocacy recruits and trains advocates from neighborhoods where the youth and families live, matching the youth with an advocate; Needs-led and Strength-Based Appro. . ices, out-patient clinics and behavioral health needs. The Juvenile Justice component offers gang prevention and intervention, alternatives to detention, community reintegration and gender specific programming. YAP’s School-Based Services offer truancy prevention, in-school suspension, and alternative school programming and after-school programs. Their Developmental Disabilities Services for Children offers mental health diagnoses and services for individuals within the autism spectrum. Their Autism Support Services provide direct services for training, educational and consultation services and the Autism Communication Assessment Initiative. Their newly developed Adult Offender Program offers developmental services including re-entry support, transitional housing, TANF support, parenting and fatherhood programs, supported work programs and adult autism services.

Critical Analysis of a Project Business Case

Question: Discuss about theCritical Analysis of a Project Business Case. Answer: Introduction The purpose of this business case on Millennium Project was to develop a project that intends to get people inspired towards adopting a futuristic learning approach. The goals of this project include: Improvement in global thinking and futuristic approach towards research and study. Conduct a feasibility study to check issues based on the analysis of phase one, research and the launch of the new project. Collaborate with government and private institutions for long reach and funds Create a central source of early warning signals Create a platform to enable global access to resources. Develop an Information system which has updated databases of resources published by the scholars from all over the world( University of Southern Maine , 2012). The approach taken for the development of the business is through the use of a process which involves identification of issues and then their resolution. The approach is organized into following steps: Issues Selection: Selection of Issues based on the priority for addressing Panel Selection: Identify the panel from available resources that has people with good knowledge and access to the data related to future world issues. Select the best panel based on various criteria related to quality development. Information Scanning: This involves review of the information obtained from conferences, internet research, and other published documents and through direct contacts with other futuristic organization(Community Planning, 2014). Scenario Construction: Construct a scenario in which the images of future can be investigated to identify issues and opportunities such that the same can be analyzed and evaluated. Rating: The results from the above information obtained would be rated by a Planning Committee that would work to identify issues that need resolution as top priorities using a matrix and weight assignment approach. Review: Research panel would be deployed for conducting a review on those filtered issues to understand their threat levels such that most promising policies for their resolution can be identified. Advisory: An advisory committee along with the core staff of the project would be involved in the preparation of a structured questionnaire for panellist to work on(Rasche Seisreiner, 2012). In todays dynamic world, changes in information and technology are rapid and thus, a need is always there to keep oneself updated on the latest. A continuous progress of human kind towards better decision making and assuming of a leadership role is required. Further, it has become important that organizations and people who a responsible approach towards a sustainable development. It is needed that people today adopt global thinking and develop strategies to learn from global practices rather than solely depending on the local knowledge. This reflects upon the need for having a global and futuristic thinking which this project is going to promote(JeromeC.Glenn TheodoreJ.Gordon, 1996). Business Case The current system is not efficient enough to take care of the futuristic developments in a sustainable manner as the processes used are not organized and thus, researches done on the issues are not sound. Political issues still go unresolved most times which affects the harmony and cause conflicts in management of development operations. These conflicts introduce hurdles in development of national policies. Moreover, the database that is used by the development organizations is not structured which makes sharing of information a difficult task. Also, the interface used for accessing information system is not currently updated with the latest technology. These difficulties serve as barriers to creating a global and future oriented political approach to development. The business case clearly defines the purpose of this project which is to build a reliable system of development which involves continuous updates, improvements in the thinking, updates on futuristic information through th e use of a wide range of media, and development of new and relevant policies using research and institutionalization. The project aims to develop a technologically enabled Information system which can generate prior warning on global issues so that the right action can be taken on time. Two key parts of the business case discussed include research and development where research involves feasibility study of the project while development involves actual development of a unified information system to be used for global learning and development. For conducting Feasibility Study of the project, there are two options that can be exercises including: Option 1: Collecting opinions and knowledge about issues and their resolution from futurist scholars to under how to the Millennium project can be organized and implemented through the use of interview methods. Option 2: Another option can be use of long range forecasting methods with reports and strategy meetings for conducting feasibility. The scope of the Millennium project include Collecting wide range of information from various research sources including researches from scholars, popularized development models, periodicals and research databases. Addressing local, national as well as regional issues by taking a global approach to learning and development. Take a global approach for resolution but also give sufficient attention to national, regional, and local issues Ensure accurate and continuous availability of the data required for taking decisions. Make the information systems sound enough and capable of holding large amount of data which can be used for current issues as well as serve as future reference. Define the goals clearly and make the methods more quantitative to support analysis Encourage and update the new, innovative ideas globally. Make the information available across all the participating organization of the Millennium project(OECD, 2007). Timelines: The business case defines the phase I of this project that was to be carried out during 1993 in which the research information was made available globally. After that, a survey was to be conducted to gather latest information for research which was expected to be completed by 2000. The key stakeholders to the Millennium development project as identified from the business case presented included: The lookout panel: This panel was a group constructed from a large number of interested experts and informed participants who were involved in observing and assessing data related to future issues. The Project planning committee: The committee was constructed to evaluate the data which was collected during research using the matrix approach. The issues that were to be evaluated would already be filtered by eliminating unimportant or less important issues. Research panels: Research panel was involved in the analyse of the filtered results such that they would come up with a list of priority issue that were presented to the Advisory panel(Stasse, Doherty, Poe, 2000). The Advisory Panel and Millennium Project staff: Advisory panel along with the project staff were involved in the preparation of structured questionnaires for conducting surveys with panels across the globe. Participating Institutions: The role of these institutions was to participate in the feedback survey and provide updates to the committee on policy related issues. Some of these institutions were also the part of planning committee. This institute also included government as well as private organizations that are providing help by giving funds for research(Juma Cheong, 2005). The project was strategically aligned towards the development goal of the sponsor organization The project has multiple donors that have provided funds for the development and it is expected the project would gather funds from them to the tune of $US30million. The cost estimates were calculated by taking inputs from think tanks and UNU feasibility study reports. Project Resources Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 LookoutPanels $35,000 $70,000 $140,000 Research panels $250,000 $300,000 $400,000 Information System Consulting $70,000 $60,000 $50,000 Hardware, Software and Training $70,000 $50,000 $25,000 Commissioned Studies $15,000 $20,000 $25,000 LDCEquipmentUpgrades $50,000 $75,000 $50,000 FellowsInterns $34,000 $52,000 $102,000 ProjectPersonnel $150,000 $300,000 $400,000 Benefits $45,000 $90,000 $120,000 Telecom/Postage/Expenses $32,000 $32,000 $32,000 PrintingDisks $25,000 $25,000 $25,000 EditingTranslation $10,000 $25,000 $50,000 TravelRelatedCosts $30,000 $45,000 $60,000 PublicationsEducation $20,000 $25,000 $30,000 Subtotal $836,000 $1,169,000 $1,509,000 Contingency@5% $42,000 $58,000 $75,000 Overhead@14% $123,000 $172,000 $222,000 Total $1,001,000 $1,399,000 $1,802,000 (Mitchell Madison Group, 2008) The business case does not identify specific income that was to be generated from the project but it did identify various income sources that the project would explore to earn income. These included Donor initiatedlookoutpanels, Donor initiatedResearchPanels, Privatefoundations, Corporatecontributions, Governmentpurchaseorders, and training. The information given in the business case was not sufficient enough to create a forecast of three years which was necessary for the cost benefit analysis. Although, the project did identify income sources but it was only the government project order that was explored to provide the expected income value which was $25,000 per order. However, this is still insufficient to provide a justification for the business case. Analysis Option 1 of Feasibility Analysis Summary Description Stakeholders Collecting information by taking judgements of experts through interviews Judgements were collected from experts from 34 countries through interviews in which they were asked t suggest ways to improve futuristic thinking of humanity and make it available for advance training, systematic feedback, public education and development policy making Futurists and Scholars Analysis and Comments The information collected from experts was then given to respondents so that they could analyse the same and give comments. Futurists and Scholars panel Issue identification The information and analysis resulted into identification of some patterns related to leading issues related to specific population and environment Project staff(Thornton, 2015) In the option 1 of feasibility analysis, the inputs were taken directly from the project stakeholder. When considering the business case, the purpose of a project is always to keep the stakeholders of the project satisfied and thus, taking inputs from stakeholders would add value to the business case(DOD, 2014). When considering various alternatives in a business case, some screening criteria can be used which test suitability and feasibility of a business case. In the alternative presented above in the table, the project appears suitable as it would be developed based on the stakeholder inputs and thus, would be relevant as well as ethical. Further, the feasibility of the project is also checked as the analysis is done by experts. In the issue identification, even the staffs were included. The staff included social workers who had the experience of working on various issues as well as on how to resolve them and thus, they can ensure that all practical issues that have already appear ed are covered(KM, A, Coleman J, DW, A, 2013). Summary Description Stakeholders Long range prediction Prediction algorithms and methods were used to identify priority issues related to learning and development Research scholars Reports and meetings Strategic meetings were held where issues were discussed and based on the discussions; reports were developed by the expert panel. This report came up with the feasibility analysis of the project and suggestions for development UNDP and Analysis experts Meetings Issues that were identified and presented in the report were discussed during a meeting at UN to take decisions for adoption and planning subsequent action. UN members, UNDP members In the option 2 of feasibility analysis, the issues are predicted using algorithms that are created based on the already available inputs about issues. When considering the business case, the purpose of a project is always to keep the case viable and the UN committee would be checking the viability of the project and only after that it would be approved(Iacono, Brown, Holtham, 2009). Options Summary Summary Option 1` Option 2 A step by step approach that involved various project stakeholders directly in the discussion It involved people directly including all stakeholders(KING COUNTY , 2012) It involves only the experts who participated in the meeting Use a reliable identification process for selecting priority issues Issues identification and analysis of project feasibility was on the basis of judgements of stakeholders and thus, the process was moderately reliable It was more of a methodological approach and the issues identification process involved expert algorithm and meetings and thus, the option was highly reliable Both options look promising as they have their own benefits for the business case. Moreover, the project includes both options and thus, benefits of both the options would be there(Project Management Institute , 2000). Risk Assessment Project Risk Assessment Option 1 Option 2 Probability Impact Risk Factor Probability Impact Risk Factor Project could actually take more time or budget than initially approved High High high Low Low Low Issues identified may not be precise enough Medium Medium High high low low Adaptability to the changing scenarios with respect to the development issues may suffer Low High high High low Low Risk analysis is done so as to understand the impact and probability of risks such that appropriate measures can be taken to respond to risks when required. Responses to the identified risks in this case to be taken as follows: Appropriate control measures involving monitoring of the project activities against the plan such that variations in budget utilization and time delays can be avoided. If the issues identified are not precise enough, the measures decided to resolve them would not remain effective. However, the feasibility analysis stage of this project already takes inputs from both stakeholders and experts to analyse issues such that such a risk can be largely avoided( Deloitte Development LLC., 2014). As the development issues are ongoing processes and thus, they can be generated in the real time and thus, adaptation to the changing needs is required. The project would remain successful with the perspective of the business case only when it is scalable, flexible and adaptable to taking more issues and defining new solutions(Iacono, Brown, Holtham, 2009). Conclusion and Recommendation This business case fairly presented the answers to the key case analysis questions including financial impacts and business risks. There were also discussions on the business benefit from the project which was qualitatively justified but there was a lack of information on the monetary earning from the project because of the same, cost-benefit analysis could not be performed. There were two approaches proposed for feasibility analysis and both were utilized in the case and thus, combined benefits were delivered to the Millennium project through the inputs from project representatives, futurists, readers and journalists. The process of data collection for the feasibility study was divided among different panels and a step by step process of evaluation was used which resulted into gathering of precise information. The time and money invested in the processes to identify the issues can be reduced if modern technology like software management systems can systematically decode the issues. Further, instead of interviews, a survey could also have been useful as well as cost effective to collect the information(UNSW, 2015). References Deloitte Development LLC. (2014). Building a culture of continuous improvement in an age of disruption. Delloite. University of Southern Maine . (2012). Business Case Analysis of Integrated Workplace Management System. University of Southern Maine . Community Planning. (2014). Community Planning Toolkit. Community Places. DOD. (2014). Business Case Analysis: . USA Department of defese. Iacono, J., Brown, A., Holtham, C. (2009). Research Methods a Case Example of Participant Observation. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 39-46. JeromeC.Glenn, TheodoreJ.Gordon. (1996). TheMillenniumProject FeasibilityReport. SmithsonianInstitutio. Juma, C., Cheong, L. Y. (2005). Innovation: Applying Knowledge in Development. UN Task Force. KING COUNTY . (2012).Accountable business transformation (abt) program final oversight report. King county auditors office.. KM, C., A, S., Coleman J, W. R., DW, B., A, S. (2013). Qualitative analysis of round-table discussions on the business case and procurement challenges. PLOS. Mitchell Madison Group. (2008). Vault Guide To The Case Interview. Duke University. OECD. (2007). Innovation And Growth Rationale For An Innovation Strategy. OECD. Project Management Institute . (2000). A guide to the Project Management Book of Knowledge . Project Management Institute . Rasche, C., Seisreiner, A. (2012). Guidelines for Business Case Analysis . University of Potsdam . Stasse, M. L., Doherty, K., Poe, M. (2000). PROGRAM-Based Review and Assessment : Tools and Techniques for Program Improvement . UMASS. Thornton, G. (2015). Business Case . Ottawa Public Library. UNSW. (2015). Writing a Case Analysis . UNSW. USAID. (2009). A guide for training community health workers and volunteers to provide maternal and newborn Health Messages. USAID.

Day

Introduction The net present value is a more accurate method than the payback period and the accounting rate of return when choosing between two mutually exclusive projects.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Day-Pro Investment Options specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main weakness of the payback period and the accounting rate of return is that they do not consider the time value of money. The two methods may not be used to accurately account for the cost of capital. The net present value profile supports the NPV method with capturing a bigger picture using multiple discount rates. Payback approach The payback approach considers the length of time that it takes to recover the amount used as capital through cash flows (Kinney and Raiborn 654). When one project needs to be selected, the project that provides the shortest time to generate the amount used for the investment is preferred. In the payback period, longer time periods increase the uncertainty associated with the investment (Kinney and Raiborn 654). Uncertainty is a type of risk. The payback period for the Synthetic Resin project and the Epoxy Resin project are shown below. Table 1 Table 1: Synthetic Resin Payback Period Year Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Net cash flow ($1,000,000) $350,000 $400,000 $500,000 $650,000 $700,000 Cumulative total ($1,000,000) ($650,000) ($250,000) $250,000 $900,000 $1,600,000 Payback period 0 1 2 period ends = 250,000/ 500,000 = 0.5 of a year Table 2 Table 2: Epoxy Resin Payback Period Year Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Net cash flow ($800,000) $600,000 $400,000 $300,000 $200,000 $200,000 Cumulative cash flow ($800,000) ($200,000) $200,000 $500,000 $700,000 $900,000 Payback period 0 1 Period ends = 200,000/ 400,000 = 0.5 of a year The negative values are indicated in bracket, and the positive values are in the normal format. The payback perio d ends at the point where the cumulative cash flow becomes positive. The remaining amount is expressed as a percentage of the cash flow in the period that the cumulative cash flow becomes a positive value. It gives a value in the proportion of a year.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Table 1 indicates that the Synthetic Resin project has a payback period of 2 years and 6 months. Table 2 indicates that the Epoxy Resin project has 1 year and 6 months as its payback period. The Epoxy Resin project has a shorter payback period than the Synthetic Resin project, which makes the Epoxy Resin project more favourable. The Epoxy Resin project provides less risk by having its cash flows received earlier in the project life. It is one of the advantages of the payback period because it leads to a choice that reduces uncertainty. It may make the company choose the project that may incr ease liquidity during the early stages of operations. Liquidity refers to the cash needed to cover routine transactions in the short run. One of the limitations of the payback period is that it does not consider the stream of cash after the payback period. In the Synthetic Resin plan, the cash flows in Year 4 and Year 5 are ignored. The ignored period gives an additional amount of $2,500,000 for the Synthetic Resin project and $2,100,000 for the Epoxy Resin project. Another limitation of the payback period is that it does not consider the cost of capital, which is the opportunity cost of utilizing capital. The payback period ignores the time value of money. It makes a dollar received in the first year to have the same value as a dollar received in the final year. In everyday investment processes, money borrowed is paid with an interest. Money deposited in banks provides an interest. The capital invested in the projects could earn Day-Pro an interest by depositing it in a bank or pur chasing bonds. The long-term Treasury bonds are considered risk-free. The firm could generate profit without engaging in any business. The Epoxy and Synthetic investments have to provide a higher rate than that which can be acquired by purchasing a risk-free bond. If Day-Pro is borrowing money to invest in either of the projects, payback period cannot be used because it does not consider the cost of capital. Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) ARR is an approach that measures the annual rate of receiving net income. It gives the average income as a percentage of the initial investment (Mowen, Hansen and Heitger 606). ARR is calculated by adding the net income in the five years, and dividing by the number of years. The streams of net income and the ARR are shown below.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Day-Pro Investment Options specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More ARR = average income/ initial investment (Mowen, Hans en and Heitger 606). Table 3 Synthetic Resin Average Rate of Return Year Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Average Income Net income $0 $150,000 $200,000 $300,000 $450,000 $500,000 $320,000 Investment ($1,000,000) ARR 32.00% Table 4 Epoxy Resin Average Rate of Return Year Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Average Income Net income $0 $440,000 $240,000 $140,000 $40,000 $40,000 $180,000 Investment ($800,000) ARR 22.50% The decision process requires the projects to have a minimum ARR of 40%. None of the two projects has met the minimum requirement. The firm should not invest in any of the two projects. The problem with the decision-making process is that the minimum rate of return has been set at a very high level that the two projects or others will be unlikely to meet. Very few projects have such a high rate of return on investment. The ARR indicates the average rate of return on the investment annually. The time v alue of money is not considered. Its weakness in failing to include the time value of money may divert capital from more profitable investments. The ARR is inaccurate in a business environment where projects are usually funded with borrowed capital. The ARR fails to capture the cost of capital. Mowen, Hansen and Heitger (606) discuss that ARR’s reliance on income is a weakness because net income can be manipulated by managers. The Net Present Value (NPV) Profile The NPV profile is a graph that displays how net present values are distributed for different levels of discount rates. Bierman (68) explains that the discount rates can stretch from zero to a reasonably large number of discount rates. In the calculations, the interest rates start from a discount rate of 0% to 45% (see Appendix 1 and Appendix 2).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The NPV can be plotted with fewer points, but more points increase the accuracy of the trend line. Emphasis has been laid on the horizontal axis because it holds the internal rate of return (IRR). The IRR is found at the point where the NPV is equal to zero (Hansen, Mowen and Guan 719). The NPV is equal to zero on the horizontal axis for all values of discount rates. The NPV profile has been formed by finding the NPV at different discount rates before they are plotted. The table below and the graph are part of the NPV profile. Table 5 NPV Profile Discount rate Synthetic (NPV) Epoxy (NPV) 0% $1,600,000 $900,000 2% $1,433,277 $821,315 4% $1,281,831 $748,791 6% $1,143,938 $681,792 8% $1,018,103 $619,763 10% $903,021 $562,214 12% $797,553 $508,715 15% $655,227 $435,237 30% $149,614 $158,666 40% ($64,348) $31,231 45% ($148,112) ($21,106) Graph 1 The crossover point is at a rate of about 31%. The crossover point is the discount rate at which both projects prov ide the same net present value. The IRR is the rate at which the curves intersect with the horizontal axis (Bierman 68). The Synthetic Resin project has an IRR of approximately 37% and the Epoxy Resin project has approximately 43%. It becomes easier for Day-Pro to choose between the two projects depending on the side of the crossover point on which the discount rate falls. If the discount rate is less than 31%, then Synthetic Resin is more favourable because it provides a higher NPV. If the discount rate is higher than 31%, then Epoxy Resin provides a more favourable condition because it provides a higher NPV. However, the Synthetic Resin project provides a wider range of values at which it is better than the Epoxy Resin. Epoxy Resin is favorable at higher discount rates. Most businesses use discount rates that are around 10%, which may match the cost of capital. It makes Synthetic Resin project more favorable than the Epoxy Resin project to the firm. The main advantage of net prese nt value is its integration of the time value of money. Day-Pro may be able to consider using borrowed capital because the NPV will account for the returns that are used to cover the interest paid on borrowed funds, and returns to owners’ equity. Hansen, Mowen and Guan (719) explain that the NPV measures the additional value that the project generates for investors in the firm. It aligns itself with one of the objectives of the firm, which is to increase shareholders’ wealth. An NPV of zero indicates that the firm has met the cost of capital requirements (interest), and the cost of the investment (principal). The IRR does not indicate the value that is being added to shareholders’ wealth in absolute terms. Day-Pro cannot find out the amount of wealth that will be created using IRR because it uses relative terms (Hansen, Mowen and Guan 723). Another advantage of the NPV is that it considers all the cash flows during the operation of the business, which is differe nt from the payback period (Peterson-Drake 1). It considers the risk in investment by using lighter weights on amounts that are further into the future. The NPV corrects the weaknesses of the payback period and the ARR. One of the weaknesses of the NPV is that it does not provide an estimate of the annual rate of return. However, it is a weak limitation because the NPV considers capital in excess of the required rate of return. Another weakness of the NPV method is that the required rate of return can be selected subjectively (Peterson-Drake 1). The NPV profile reduces the weakness of subjectivity by providing a wider range of possible discount rates. Conclusion The NPV profile corrects the weakness of the NPV approach associated with the subjectivity of choosing the discount rate. The NPV accounts for the time value of money, which is usually applied in all sources of capital. The NPV indicates the value of wealth that is created by the project to the owners of equity. The NPV is a better method than either the payback period method or the ARR. Works Cited Bierman, Harold. An Introduction to Accounting and Managerial Finance a Merger of Equals. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific, 2010. Print. Hansen, Don, Maryanne Mowen and Liming Guan. Cost Management: Accounting and Control. 6th ed. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning, 2009. Print. Kinney, Michael and Cecily Raiborn. Cost Accounting: Foundations and Evolutions. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning, 2010. Print. Mowen, Maryanne, Don Hansen and Dan Heitger. Cornerstones of Managerial Accounting. 3rd ed. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning, 2009. Print. Peterson-Drake, Pamela. n.d. Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Capital Budgeting Techniques. n.d. PDF file. 23 May. 2014. http://educ.jmu.edu/~drakepp/principles/module6/advdistable.pdf. Appendix Appendix 1 Discounting factors Year 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 15% 30% 40% 45% 0 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1 0.98039 0.96154 0.94340 0.92593 0.90909 0.89286 0.86957 0.76923 0.71429 0.68966 2 0.96117 0.92456 0.89000 0.85734 0.82645 0.79719 0.75614 0.59172 0.51020 0.47562 3 0.94232 0.88900 0.83962 0.79383 0.75131 0.71178 0.65752 0.45517 0.36443 0.32802 4 0.92385 0.85480 0.79209 0.73503 0.68301 0.63552 0.57175 0.35013 0.26031 0.22622 5 0.90573 0.82193 0.74726 0.68058 0.62092 0.56743 0.49718 0.26933 0.18593 0.15601 Appendix 2 Net Present Values Synthetic Resin Net Present Value Year Net cash flow PV 2% PV 4% PV 6% PV 8% PV 10% PV 12% 0 ($1,000,000) ($1,000,000) ($1,000,000) ($1,000,000) ($1,000,000) ($1,000,000) ($1,000,000) 1 $350,000 $343,137 $336,538 $330,189 $324,074 $318,182 $312,500 2 $400,000 $384,468 $369,822 $355,999 $342,936 $330,579 $318,878 3 $500,000 $471,161 $444,498 $419,810 $396,916 $375,657 $355,890 4 $650,000 $600,500 $555,623 $514,861 $477,769 $443,959 $413,087 5 $700,000 $634,012 $575,349 $523,081 $476,408 $434,645 $397,199 NPV $1,433 ,277 $1,281,831 $1,143,938 $1,018,103 $903,021 $797,553 Synthetic Resin Net Present Value  Ã‚   Year Net cash flow PV 15% PV 30% PV 40% PV 45% 0 ($1,000,000) (1,000,000) (1,000,000) (1,000,000) ($1,000,000) 1 $350,000 304,348 269,231 250,000 $241,379 2 $400,000 302,457 236,686 204,082 $190,250 3 $500,000 328,758 227,583 182,216 $164,008 4 $650,000 371,640 227,583 169,200 $147,042 5 $700,000 348,024 188,530 130,154 $109,209 NPV $655,227 $149,614 ($64,348) ($148,112) Epoxy Resin Net Present Value Year Net cash flow PV 2% PV 4% PV 6% PV 8% PV 10% PV 12% 0 ($800,000) (800,000) (800,000) (800,000) (800,000) (800,000) (800,000) 1 $600,000 588,235 576,923 566,038 555,556 545,455 535,714 2 $400,000 384,468 369,822 355,999 342,936 330,579 318,878 3 $300,000 282,697 266,699 251,886 238,150 225,394 213,534 4 $200,000 184,769 170,961 158,419 147,006 136,603 127,104 5 $200,000 181,146 164,385 149,452 136,117 124,184 113,485 NPV 821,315 748,791 681,792 619,763 562,214 508,715 Epoxy Resin Net Present Value Year Net cash flow PV 15% PV 30% PV 40% PV 45% 0 ($800,000) ($800,000) (800,000) (800,000) (800,000) 1 $600,000 $521,739 461,538 428,571 413,793 2 $400,000 $302,457 236,686 204,082 190,250 3 $300,000 $197,255 136,550 109,329 98,405 4 $200,000 $114,351 70,026 52,062 45,244 5 $200,000 $99,435 53,866 37,187 31,203 NPV 435,237 158,666 31,231 (21,106) This case study on Day-Pro Investment Options was written and submitted by user Ishaan T. to help you with your own studies. 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